Focal impaired awareness seizures FIAS affect a bigger part of one hemisphere side of the brain than focal aware seizures. This seizure was previously called complex partial seizures. Generalised onset seizures affect both sides of the brain at once and happen without warning.
The person will be unconscious except in myoclonic seizures , even if just for a few seconds and afterwards will not remember what happened during the seizure.
Unknown onset seizures are sometimes used to describe a seizure if doctors are not sure where in the brain the seizure starts. This may happen if the person was asleep, alone or the seizure was not witnessed.
If there is not enough information about a person's seizure, or if it is unusual, doctors may call it an unclassified seizure. Clonic seizures involve repeated rhythmical jerking movements of one side or part of the body or both sides the whole body depending on where the seizure starts. Seizures can start in one part of the brain called focal motor or affect both sides of the brain called generalised clonic.
Absence seizures are more common in children than adults and can happen very frequently. During an absence a person becomes unconscious for a short time. They may look blank and stare, or their eyelids might flutter. They will not respond to what is happening around them. If they are walking they may carry on walking but will not be aware of what they are doing. Muscle jerks are not always due to epilepsy for example, some people have them as they fall asleep. Myoclonic seizures are brief but can happen in clusters many happening close together in time and often happen shortly after waking.
If they are standing they often fall, usually forwards, and may injure the front of their head or face. Like tonic seizures, atonic seizures tend to be brief and happen without warning.
With both tonic and atonic seizures people usually recover quickly, apart from possible injuries. These are the seizures that most people think of as epilepsy. The person becomes unconscious their body goes stiff and if they are standing up they usually fall backwards.
With a seizure, signs and symptoms can range from mild to severe and vary depending on the type of seizure. Seizure signs and symptoms may include:. Doctors generally classify seizures as either focal or generalized, based on how and where abnormal brain activity begins. Seizures may also be classified as unknown onset, if how the seizure began isn't known.
Focal seizures result from abnormal electrical activity in one area of your brain. Focal seizures can occur with or without loss of consciousness:. Symptoms of focal seizures may be confused with other neurological disorders, such as migraine, narcolepsy or mental illness.
Seizures that appear to involve all areas of the brain are called generalized seizures. Different types of generalized seizures include:. There is a problem with information submitted for this request. Subscribe for free and receive the latest on epilepsy treatment, care and management. Error Select a topic. Error Email field is required.
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Nerve cells neurons in the brain create, send and receive electrical impulses, which allow the brain's nerve cells to communicate. Anything that disrupts these communication pathways can lead to a seizure. Some types of seizure disorders may be caused by genetic mutations. The most common cause of seizures is epilepsy. But not every person who has a seizure has epilepsy. Sometimes seizures may be caused or triggered by:. Having a seizure can sometimes lead to circumstances that are dangerous for you or others.
You might be at risk of:. Seizures care at Mayo Clinic. Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. Epilepsy is a neurological disorder. Its primary identifying factor is recurrent, unprovoked seizures. Abnormal electrical activity in the brain causes seizures.
This brain activity affects how a person feels, acts, and behaves. Depending on the seizure type and severity, a person may or may not lose consciousness.
Before doctors can diagnose a person with epilepsy, they need to decide if a seizure is provoked or unprovoked. Many things cause seizures. These include head injuries, toxins, tumors, and infections. Doctors must rule out these potential causes before diagnosing someone with epilepsy. Although it is common, doctors are still finding out more about this chronic disorder. There are several types of seizures.
A person with epilepsy can experience one or multiple types of seizure. The four different types of epilepsy are defined by the type of seizure a person experiences. They are:. Each type of epilepsy affects the brain differently. This means they have different identifying factors and treatments.
People with this type of epilepsy have generalized seizures. These affect both the left and right sides of the brain. Additionally, these seizures may be either motor, which involve physical movement, or non-motor, which do not.
Non-motor seizures are also called absence seizures. Symptoms may include :. Generalized epilepsy usually starts during childhood. However, it can also affect adults. Learn more about epilepsy in children. People with focal epilepsy have focal seizures.
Unlike generalized seizures, focal seizures only affect one part of the brain. They can start in one area and move to others. This can feel like an uneasy feeling in the stomach, similar to the feeling of riding a rollercoaster.
As the seizure progresses, a person can experience motor and non-motor symptoms. Some motor symptoms of focal seizures include :. Non-motor symptoms do not affect how someone moves.
However, they may cause confusion or changes in emotions. Some non-motor symptoms of focal seizures include :. Someone with combination epilepsy has both generalized seizures and focal seizures.
Therefore, they can experience a mixture of the symptoms discussed above. Combined epilepsy is linked to Dravet syndrome, which is a rare, lifelong form of epilepsy. It is usually caused by a mutation in the SCN1A gene.
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